{"id":7238,"date":"2025-01-22T11:45:39","date_gmt":"2025-01-22T17:45:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stuff.io\/book\/beowulf\/"},"modified":"2025-10-15T11:49:29","modified_gmt":"2025-10-15T16:49:29","slug":"beowulf","status":"publish","type":"book-dea","link":"https:\/\/stuff.io\/es\/book\/beowulf\/","title":{"rendered":"Beowulf"},"content":{"rendered":"

De Wikipedia<\/a>: Beowulf<\/strong><\/em> is an Old English epic poem in the tradition of Germanic heroic legend consisting of 3,182 alliterative lines. It is one of the most important and most often translated works of Old English literature. The date of composition is a matter of contention among scholars; the only certain dating is for the manuscript, which was produced between 975 and 1025. Scholars call the anonymous author the \u201cBeowulf<\/em> poet\u201d. The story is set in pagan Scandinavia in the 6th century. Beowulf, a hero of the Geats, comes to the aid of Hrothgar, the king of the Danes, whose mead hall in Heorot has been under attack by the monster Grendel. After Beowulf slays him, Grendel\u2019s mother attacks the hall and is then defeated. Victorious, Beowulf goes home to Geatland and becomes king of the Geats. Fifty years later, Beowulf defeats a dragon, but is mortally wounded in the battle. After his death, his attendants cremate his body and erect a tower on a headland in his memory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Scholars have debated whether Beowulf<\/em> was transmitted orally, affecting its interpretation: if it was composed early, in pagan times, then the paganism is central and the Christian elements were added later, whereas if it was composed later, in writing, by a Christian, then the pagan elements could be decorative archaising; some scholars also hold an intermediate position. Beowulf<\/em> is written mostly in the West Saxon dialect of Old English, but many other dialectal forms are present, suggesting that the poem may have had a long and complex transmission throughout the dialect areas of England.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There has long been research into similarities with other traditions and accounts, including the Icelandic Grettis saga<\/em>, the Norse story of Hrolf Kraki and his bear-shapeshifting servant Bodvar Bjarki, the international folktale the Bear\u2019s Son Tale, and the Irish folktale of the Hand and the Child. Persistent attempts have been made to link Beowulf<\/em> to tales from Homer\u2019s Odyssey<\/em> or Virgil\u2019s Aeneid<\/em>. More definite are Biblical parallels, with clear allusions to the books of Genesis, Exodus, and Daniel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The poem survives in a single copy in the manuscript known as the Nowell Codex. It has no title in the original manuscript, but has become known by the name of the story\u2019s protagonist. In 1731, the manuscript was damaged by a fire that swept through Ashburnham House in London, which was housing Sir Robert Cotton\u2019s collection of medieval manuscripts. It survived, but the margins were charred, and some readings were lost. The Nowell Codex is housed in the British Library. The poem was first transcribed in 1786; some verses were first translated into modern English in 1805, and nine complete translations were made in the 19th century, including those by John Mitchell Kemble and William Morris. After 1900, hundreds of translations, whether into prose, rhyming verse, or alliterative verse were made, some relatively faithful, some archaising, some attempting to domesticate the work. Among the best-known modern translations are those of Edwin Morgan, Burton Raffel, Michael J. Alexander, Roy Liuzza, and Seamus Heaney. The difficulty of translating Beowulf<\/em> has been explored by scholars including J. R. R. Tolkien (in his essay \u201cOn Translating Beowulf<\/em>\u201c), who worked on a verse and a prose translation of his own.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":7254,"template":"","format":[59],"meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"book-author":[76],"blockchain":[4],"book-genre":[],"narrator":[],"book-publisher":[58],"series":[60],"class_list":["post-7238","book-dea","type-book-dea","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","book-author-unknown","blockchain-cardano","format-ebook","book-publisher-book-io","series-monster"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBeowulf - Stuff.io<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This is your chance to own the fifth release in the Book Token Classics: Monster Editions. 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